ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) is a minimally invasive procedure combining endoscopy and fluoroscopy. A thin, flexible tube is passed through the mouth to the bile and pancreatic ducts. Dye is injected, allowing visualization on an X-ray screen. This enables diagnosis of issues like gallstones, tumors, or inflammation. ERCP also allows for therapeutic interventions such as stone removal, stent placement, and tissue sampling. While generally safe, risks include bleeding, infection, and pancreatitis.