A colonoscopy is a screening procedure examining the large intestine (colon) for abnormalities. A long, flexible, thin tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum. This allows visualization of the colon’s lining, detecting polyps, inflammation (colitis), cancer, or other issues. Preparation involves a bowel cleanse to ensure a clear view. Sedation is typically provided for patient comfort. Polyps may be removed during the procedure. Colonoscopies are crucial for colorectal cancer prevention and early detection, usually recommended starting at age 45 or earlier for those at higher risk.